In February, the airwaves in India had been inundated with photos of undocumented Indians shackled in chains on a navy deportation flight from the US. The stunning photos made clear the devastating affect President Donald Trump’s draconian crackdown on “unlawful immigration” would have on the lives of hundreds of susceptible Indian residents who had risked every thing to make their method to America.
Opposition lawmakers, together with Indian Nationwide Congress occasion chief Rahul Gandhi, wore handcuffs and protested the humiliating therapy of deportees outdoors the parliament in New Delhi. With all of this taking place on the eve of Narendra Modi’s go to to the White Home, they demanded that the Indian prime minister take up this matter with the US president.
However throughout his US information convention, Modi responded to questions in regards to the deportations by stating that his Bharatiya Janata Social gathering-led (BJP-led) authorities was “absolutely ready to convey again unlawful migrants”. He added: “The younger, susceptible and poor individuals of India are fooled into immigration. These are kids of very atypical households who’re lured by huge goals and massive guarantees. Many are introduced in with out understanding why they’re being introduced in – many introduced in via a human-trafficking system.”
This response was unusually meek and agreeable for the chief of a Hindu nationalist regime identified for its muscular jingoism. It could appear Modi was merely attempting to keep away from a Volodymyr Zelenskyy-style bust-up with Trump, particularly with negotiations ongoing relating to reciprocal tariffs. Whereas this might be true, it’s also essential to keep in mind that with regards to immigration, Modi and Trump are on the identical web page.
Like his American counterpart, Modi depends on grand visions and claims in regards to the nation. This consists of the BJP authorities’s bombastic declarations in regards to the financial well being of India.
In the intervening time, the Indian economy is dealing with a troubling slowdown, however there is also a long term, far more entrenched drawback: inequality. On the planet’s most populous nation, the highest 1 p.c holds 40.1 p.c of the nationwide wealth. By the tip of 2024, India had 191 billionaires, placing it in third place on the earth after the US and China. In the meantime, it accounted for 70 p.c of the worldwide improve in excessive poverty. India can be the nation with the largest population (234 million individuals) dwelling in excessive poverty.
Undocumented Indian migrants within the US are manifestations of this darkish actuality. The estimates relating to their precise quantity fluctuate. The Pew Research Center estimated that there have been 700,000 undocumented Indian immigrants within the US on the finish of 2022, making Indians the third largest nationwide group of undocumented individuals after Mexicans and Salvadorians. The Division of Homeland Safety estimated there are 220,000 undocumented Indian migrants within the nation.
No matter the precise measurement of the inhabitants, this cohort of undocumented individuals contradicts the rosy picture of an financial powerhouse beneath Hindu nationalist management. For this reason Modi is so desperate to shut down this saga of “unlawful immigration” as shortly and calmly as potential. He doesn’t need any skirmish with Trump over the therapy of undocumented migrants to seize headlines and expose the cracks within the aura of a rising India.
However in a Hindu nationalist India, a Trump-like anti-immigration discourse can be not an oddity. For just a few years, the Indian proper has been ritually elevating the difficulty of a supposed scourge of undocumented migration, particularly from Bangladesh.
In 2016, then-Minister of State of House Affairs Kiren Rijiju claimed there have been about “20 million unlawful immigrants from Bangladesh in India”. In 2018, House Minister Amit Shah mentioned there have been greater than 40 million undocumented immigrants within the nation. In 2023, right-wing politicians have additionally claimed there are actually near 50 million undocumented migrants in India.
There isn’t a real evidence to again up these numbers.
But for the Hindu nationalists in India, these claims in regards to the presence of an insidious, Muslim undocumented inhabitants evoke a strong picture and match nicely into an Islamophobic discourse of a Hindu nation dealing with an existential risk from its neighbours.
Unsubstantiated claims about the specter of “unlawful immigration” from Bangladesh permit right-wing politicians in India accountable the undocumented “outsider” for the plight of the nation’s economically deprived. As Shah as soon as said: “They [Bangladeshi immigrants] are consuming the grain that ought to go to the poor.” Elsewhere, Shah has known as undocumented migrants “termites” and “infiltrators” who wanted to be uprooted. Whereas on the marketing campaign path in 2019, Shah additionally promised that the BJP authorities would “decide up infiltrators one after the other and throw them into the Bay of Bengal”.
These unsubstantiated claims additionally permit Hindu nationalists to stoke fears a couple of demographic problem to a Hindu nation. For example, throughout a TV interview, the chief of the Delhi unit of the BJP, Ashwini Upadhyay, insinuated that almost all standing of the Hindu inhabitants was beneath risk.
He said that India was established as a “Hindu nation” and this id was being diluted by “illegals”, “[Muslim] Rohingyas” and “[Muslim] coverts”.
Equally, Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar claimed that “unlawful migration” was inflicting a “demographic upheaval”. He famous that this cohort was placing undue stress on the nation’s well being and schooling sectors, depriving residents of employment alternatives, and was undermining democracy by gaining “electoral relevance”. He additionally warned that if left unchecked, the Hindu ethnic id can be undermined by such “demographic invasions”.
Lastly, it’s equally commonplace to listen to from the suitable in India that “unlawful migration” is synonymous with criminality. In a press release to the decrease home of the Indian parliament, Minister of Exterior Affairs S Jaishankar said: “Unlawful mobility and migration has many different related actions, additionally of an unlawful nature.” Whereas Jaishankar right here was referring to undocumented Indian migrants within the US, in India, authorities have equally claimed that there’s a “well-oiled” felony community that helps undocumented migrants acquire residency, employment, faux beginning certificates and ultimately voting rights. This has led to Trump-like police raids and deportation drives focusing on Bangladeshis and Rohingya.
Usually caught up in these raids are Bengali-speaking Muslim residents of India. A number of years in the past, a study revealed there have been extra Bangladeshi migrants leaving than getting into the nation. However within the period of the rise of the suitable, none of this issues. Be it in Trump’s US or Modi’s India, it’s all the time the insidious outsider blamed for troubles throughout the nation.
It’s this mentality that drives the anti-immigration waves in each India and the US. In India, it supplied the rationale for authorized manoeuvres just like the Citizenship Amendment Act of 2019, which excluded Muslims from neighbouring international locations from gaining Indian citizenship.
Modi would be the prime minister of a Hindu nationalist authorities, however he received’t threat damaging his relationship with Trump within the title of defending undocumented Indians within the US. On immigration, his views are equivalent to Trump’s, and he feels nothing however contempt for undocumented individuals, even once they occur to be Indian residents.
The views expressed on this article are the writer’s personal and don’t essentially replicate Al Jazeera’s editorial stance.
