New Delhi, India – Below a thick blanket of smog on the earth’s most polluted metropolis, the leaders of Russia and India placed on a show of diplomatic resilience, projecting a message that their bilateral partnership stays insulated from widening world fractures.
On the Russia-India annual bilateral summit in New Delhi – towards a backdrop of intensifying Western stress, punctuated by current United States tariff threats and the continuing negotiations to finish Russia’s battle in Ukraine – the 2 leaders framed their relationship as a stabilising power.
Whereas Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi hailed the 2 international locations’ relations as “steadfast like a pole star”, Russia’s President Vladimir Putin showered reward on his Indian counterpart for resisting “exterior stress” and investing within the shared bond.
In a uncommon break from protocol, Modi was current on the airport in Delhi to obtain Putin on Thursday night time, and shared the automobile journey again to the Indian PM’s residence for dinner, in what has come to be often known as “limo diplomacy” as Putin usually makes use of his Aurus limousine to carry talks.
On Friday, memorandums of understanding have been exchanged between a number of ministers from all sides, increasing commerce and cooperation in numerous sectors, from power to agriculture and prescription drugs.
The offers, Modi stated, would take “India-Russia financial partnership to new heights” beneath the India-Russia financial cooperation programme till 2030. The international locations have agreed on an bold commerce goal of $100bn.
And, in a significant sign to the West, Putin stated: “Russia is prepared for uninterrupted shipments of gasoline to India.” Importing Russian crude has put India in a geopolitical bind and soured relations with the US, which believes it’s financing the battle in Ukraine. Earlier this 12 months, US President Donald Trump hit India with an extra commerce tariff of 25 p.c – bringing the overall to 50 p.c on Indian items exported to the US – due to its persevering with buy of Russian oil.
So, what have been the primary takeaways from this summit?
India and Russia affirmed their deep ties
The summit offered a platform for the 2 international locations to achieve a slew of commerce agreements spanning jobs, well being, transport and chemical substances.
Nonetheless, analysts stated the summit was extra necessary as a present of political messaging.
“The most important takeaway from the summit is the signalling that neither aspect has any intention to dilute this relationship, and is able to face up to any exterior stress,” stated Harsh Pant, a geopolitics analyst at New Delhi-based assume tank, the Observer Analysis Basis.
Furthermore, Pant stated: “The try is to construct the financial partnership, past oil and defence.” And with out that, he added, “the bilateral relationship isn’t aware of at the moment’s realities”.
Robinder Sachdev, president of the Imagindia Institute, a Delhi-based assume tank, stated that the summit holds “excessive significance for the higher willingness on the a part of each Russia and India to turbocharge this relationship”.
“Either side wish to improve their engagement past simply government-to-government offers, in oil and defence sectors, and enhance people-to-people ties,” stated Sachdev. “That may be the largest string on this bilateral relationship.”
Neither chief took questions after their media statements, which Putin concluded by saying that the Russian delegation was happy with agreements that can “deepen” the bilateral partnership.
Putin added that, together with different BRICS international locations – a rising bloc of rising economies – India and Russia are selling a “extra simply” and “multipolar” world. Putin additionally underlined the shut bond that he shared with Modi by referring to their “shut working dialogue” and “common” cellphone calls.
In his assertion, Modi stated the 2 international locations’ “Financial Cooperation Programme” is designed to diversify, steadiness, and make commerce and funding sustainable, and additional develop export, co-production, and co-innovation alternatives.
“Either side are working in direction of the early conclusion of a Free Commerce Settlement with the Eurasian Financial Union,” Modi added.
Modi additionally stated that rising the “connectivity” between Moscow and New Delhi is a “main precedence for us”, noting that power safety has been a “robust and necessary pillar” of bilateral relations.
Modi additionally talked about the opening of two new Indian consulates in Russia final month, and launched two new 30-day visa schemes that will be made accessible for Russian vacationers in India quickly.
Modi stated he had mentioned the battle in Ukraine with Putin and conveyed that India has “stood for peace for the reason that starting”.
“India and Russia have lengthy supported one another, and labored shoulder to shoulder within the battle towards terrorism,” stated Modi, mentioning the April assault in Kashmir and the assault on Crocus Metropolis Corridor in Moscow in 2024.
India didn’t stress Russia over Ukraine
Russia and India have held an annual bilateral summit since 2000, for which the Indian prime minister visits Russia one 12 months, and the Russian president returns the go to the next 12 months. It was paused following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and solely resumed in 2024 when Modi visited Russia.
Finally, the Russian president’s 30-hour flying go to to Delhi sends a transparent message to different world leaders amid rising stress on him to conclude a peace cope with Ukraine. Putin is saying: “Moscow isn’t alone, and the efforts to isolate the Kremlin have failed”, consultants say.
Ukraine’s allies in Europe and the US had hoped New Delhi would persuade Putin to conform to a peace deal. Nonetheless, India didn’t name on Russia to finish the battle, though PM Modi appeared to reiterate his earlier place that “this isn’t an period of battle”.
“India is on the aspect of peace,” the Indian prime minister stated throughout discussions between the 2 leaders at Hyderabad Home in Delhi on Friday.
“The world ought to return to peace, and we assist each effort in direction of peace,” stated Modi, including, “India-Russia relations ought to develop and contact new heights.”
Expressing his gratitude to Modi, Putin stated, “The 2 nations even have relations within the army sphere, in house improvement, synthetic intelligence, and different areas … and we intend to maneuver ahead in all these areas.”
India is strolling a tightrope between Russia and the West
New Delhi is at present caught in a precarious geopolitical equation, a actuality that has starkly examined the scope of India’s international coverage.
On one aspect, India faces an more and more coercive United States and its punitive commerce tariffs. The Trump administration accuses India of successfully financing Putin’s battle machine in Ukraine by shopping for crude oil.
The battle in Ukraine, nonetheless, has examined the friendship between Moscow and New Delhi – a relationship that goes again many years.
Since its independence from Britain in 1947, India has prevented turning into locked into formal alliances with any superpower, main the non-aligned motion in the course of the Chilly Struggle. In actuality, nonetheless, it drifted nearer to the then-Soviet Union from the Nineteen Sixties.
For the reason that finish of the Chilly Struggle, India has deepened strategic and army ties with the US whereas attempting to maintain its friendship with Russia afloat.
India stays the highest purchaser of Russian arsenal. And India’s dependence on the Russian army sector was lately made obvious throughout New Delhi’s four-day clashes with Pakistan, with real-time reliance on Russian platforms such because the S-400 missile system and Sukhoi Su-30MKI fighters.
Investing in ties with Moscow and internet hosting Putin presently permits New Delhi some leverage in a fragmented world order and maintains what it calls “strategic autonomy” to pursue its “multi-alignment” international coverage.
The Delhi summit allowed the leaders to double down on that “neither aspect desires to convey this relationship down, and each side wish to make investments diplomatic capital,” stated Pant, of the ORF.
“The extra Trump and his administration goal India, the extra it makes the case in India as to why the connection with Russia is necessary,” he added.
Putin was defiant over US stress on oil
The Russian president stated that regardless of Western sanctions towards Moscow and the imposition of the White Home’s punishing tariffs on India for importing Russian oil, the bilateral power cooperation largely “stays unaffected”.
Putin instructed broadcaster India At the moment that Washington continues to purchase Russian nuclear gasoline for energy crops.
“That can also be gasoline; uranium for the reactors working within the US. If the US has the fitting to purchase our gasoline, why shouldn’t India have the identical privilege?” stated the Russian president. “This query deserves thorough examination, and we stand prepared to debate it, together with with President (Donald) Trump.”
India-Russia commerce has undergone a significant shift since 2022, ballooning from a modest $10bn to a file almost $69bn this 12 months, primarily fuelled by New Delhi’s urge for food for discounted Russian crude oil.
Nonetheless, these numbers stay lopsided: Indian exports, largely prescription drugs and equipment, stand at roughly $5bn, leading to a widening $64bn commerce deficit.
Moreover, the newest official information from India’s commerce ministry reveals that India decreased its crude imports from Russia by 38 p.c in worth in contrast with final 12 months, down from a file excessive $5.8bn final 12 months to $3.55bn this October.
Regardless of all this, Russia nonetheless accounts for simply above 30 p.c of India’s whole oil imports by worth and quantity.
Whereas noting that the import numbers have come down, Putin careworn that commerce stays “unaffected by present circumstances, fleeting political swings or the tragic occasions in Ukraine” and added that Russian companies had constructed a stable and environment friendly business relationship with India, one primarily based on mutual belief.
What else was mentioned on the sidelines of the summit?
Putin landed in New Delhi with an entourage which included Andrei Belousov, his defence minister, and a big delegation from enterprise and trade, together with prime executives of Russian state arms exporter Rosoboronexport.
Belousov met his Indian counterpart, Rajnath Singh, at New Delhi’s Manekshaw Centre on Thursday, earlier than the twenty third India-Russia Annual Summit.
Whereas Singh appeared to additional the Indian authorities’s goal to construct capability in its indigenous defence trade, the Russian defence minister emphasised “the Russian defence trade’s [readiness] to assist India in direction of turning into self-reliant within the subject of defence manufacturing”, a joint assertion learn.
A Russian delegation additionally expressed curiosity in importing fishery and meat merchandise from India and resolving market entry points, the Indian authorities stated in a separate assertion following a gathering between agriculture ministers on the sidelines.
India exported fishery merchandise value $7.45bn final 12 months; nonetheless, a smaller share of $127m headed to Russia.
Geopolitical analysts famous that the summit leaves New Delhi hoping for a faster peace deal on Ukraine, with a purpose to free its strategic associate from world stress.
And when that occurs, “peace within the area would supply a window of alternative for India to maneuver quick and develop exports and enterprise offers with Russia”, stated Sachdev. “And beat Western nations to the race, who would additionally finally return to Russia.”
