The 613 males had traveled from their native Niger to neighboring Libya, the place lots of them deliberate to succeed in Europe over the Mediterranean Sea, a journey hundreds of individuals from sub-Saharan Africa endeavor to make yearly.
However late final month, the lads had been deported by Libyan authorities in one of many nation’s largest expulsions in years. The mass deportation is a part of a typical sample: North African governments, funded by the European Union to deal with migration, utilizing brutal techniques to dam sub-Saharan Africa migrants from heading to Europe.
The 613 males reached Niger’s closest city to the Libyan border on Jan. 3, raveled and hungry, some barefoot and sick after months of detention and days of journey throughout the Sahara. Two of the lads died shortly after arriving in Niger.
“I lived by way of hell,” mentioned Salmana Issoufou, one of many males. Mr. Issoufou, 18, mentioned he had been crushed by Libyan jail guards with wires and weapons all through his eight-month detention.
As anti-migrant sentiment rises throughout Europe, from France to Germany to Hungary, the residents of sub-Saharan Africa attempting to succeed in the continent are being pushed again by North African governments in proportions unseen in years. The E.U. has signed bilateral agreements with Tunisia, Morocco, Libya, Mauritania, that embrace monetary assist to curb migrant flows.
The technique seems to be working: unlawful border crossings dropped sharply in 2024, in response to current data from the European Union’s border company, Frontex.
However rights teams say the strategies getting used to maintain sub-Saharan migrants from touring to Europe embrace well-documented human rights violations, comparable to so-called desert dumps. Migrants have been abandoned in the Sahara with out meals or water, or kept in North African prisons the place they face torture, sexual violence and hunger.
Since Tunisia struck a cope with the European Union in 2023, it has dumped greater than 12,000 folks, together with youngsters and pregnant ladies, into abandoned areas of Libya, according to the United Nations. Final yr, the E.U. signed an analogous cope with Mauritania.
In Libya, the European Union has financed the nation’s coast guard, which has been accused of firing live ammunition during interceptions at sea and of handing migrants over to violent militias.
An investigation by a consortium of news outlets final yr confirmed that autos and intelligence offered by E.U. international locations have been utilized by North African safety forces to arrest migrants or transport them to abandon areas.
The 613 males who had been despatched again to Niger this month had been detained in Libya since at the very least final fall, in response to regional officers in Niger, who escorted them from the border to Dirkou, a Nigerien city about 260 miles south of Libya.
Two males died in Dirkou, in response to Abba Tchéké, a social employee who assisted the lads there and who works for Alarm Cellphone Sahara, a nonprofit that rescues stranded migrants within the desert.
The lads reached Agadez, the biggest metropolis in Niger’s north and a major transit hub for migrants, final week. They had been exhausted and dehydrated, and a few had pores and skin lesions and damaged limbs. Half a dozen males who had been deported all mentioned in interviews with The New York Instances that they’d been mistreated by the Libyan authorities.
Adamou Harouna, 36, mentioned jail guards had burned plastic on him whereas he was being held.
The mass deportation from Libya echoes related actions from Algeria, which shares a 580-mile-long border with Niger and final yr deported greater than 31,000 folks, the very best determine in years, in response to Alarm Phone Sahara.
The Algerian authorities drop migrants on the border with Niger, forcing them to stroll for hours within the desert earlier than reaching the closest city. The migrants additionally face beatings and physical violence in Algerian prisons. (The European Union doesn’t have a migration settlement with Algeria.)
Whereas expulsions from Libya to Niger have to this point been decrease than from Algeria, the current mass deportation has raised issues a couple of potential enhance. Final yr, a whole lot of African residents had been forcibly returned from Libya to Chad, Egypt, Sudan and Tunisia, according to the United Nations.
In Africa, deported migrants are returned to their dwelling international locations by the United Nations’ Worldwide Group for Migration. In Niger, the group transports folks deserted in border areas again to Agadez and later to their dwelling international locations on planes that depart a number of instances per week.
For the Nigerien males, the group organized buses. Mr. Issoufou, 18, mentioned he would stay in Niger. Mr. Harouna mentioned he plans to journey again to Libya as quickly as attainable.
Ibrahim Manzo Diallo contributed reporting from Niamey, Niger, Saikou Jammeh from Dakar, Senegal, and Jenny Gross from London.
